When assessing the seriousness of the offence the guidelines suggested any form of sexual activity, including penetration, without coercion, exploitation or pressure, may result in a non-custodial sentence. Any penetrative activity involving coercion, exploitation or pressure, use or threats of violence against the victim, or someone known to the victim, prolonged detention/sustained incident, severe psychological or physical harm caused to the victim, may lead to a custodial sentence or YRO with ISS or fostering may be called for.
I find that the rape offences fall more obviously into the second category, given pressure which must almost inevitably come with the absence of consent, albeit the guideline does not specifically refer to non consensual penetration. However, there was no violence or exploitation.
I have taken account of the victim personal statements, and bear in mind the submissions made on behalf of J at paragraph 18(c) of that note. The references to the principles in Chall and Others and Forbes are particularly helpful, and have informed my Page 13 of 23 A B C D E F G H conclusion on this aspect. To borrow respectively the words of Popplewell LJ at paragraph 28 in Price, I do not seek to minimise the effect on each girl when saying it does not reach the high threshold of being severe psychological harm required, by the guideline, adding those words the end.