So what is the difference between a transgender woman and a transwoman?
You are aware that you are asking a gay woman who spent many happy years in gay and lesbian bars in the company of many from that community.
So a brief history from my own perspective over a period of time from my gay bar life and of raising a trans child.
There are two sets of labels operating concurrently in the UK. One set of labels are those used by the community themselves, the other set is that operated by the mostly heteronormative social scientific and legal communities. There is some overlap and cross talk.
The first thing to really understand beyond the skin deep approach is that every individual is different. To use the term 'transgender' is as difficult as to use the term 'British' and then say 'therefore all the same'. It is as logical as the concept that ''all politicians are the same'' while clearly they are not.
Within the LGBT community individuals have different drivers. Within the T part of that, individuals variously identify with certain labels, be that HPW (hairy panty wearer), CD (cross-dresser), TV (transvestite), T-girl. The individuals in these groups think of themselves as men, they typically identify as men, but while being 'dressed' they like to think of themselves as women.
Otherwise there are by comparison few whose self knowledge tells them that they are the other gender. This exists somewhere within the brain, not as a mental illness, but as a core belief. This is rather different to a taught or indoctrinated belief such as a religious belief or even a philosophical belief that gender identity does not exist. The belief is intrinsic to their being, rather than extrinsic like a thing learnt by the teaching of others. It causes these individuals to seek social acceptance as the other gender. To their own senses, most will say there are two sexes and two genders. This inconveniently flies in the face of those who willfully say that trans people believe there are over 200 gender identities. The social scientific community labelled these people 'transsexuals', often shortened to 'TS' at one time.
This led to the heteronormative community adopting the dichotomy of T people being either TV or TS without troubling to remember that we all have the right to our personality and to exist as an individual. Further people believed that TS people were either pre-op or post-op without any other consideration of how a male body could be made more feminine or a female body be made more masculine.
The standing joke was ''what's the difference between a TV and TS? One rushes home from work to put a bra on, while the other rushes home from work to take her bra off.'' It pretty neatly sums up the difference.
The term 'transsexual' has over the last two decade changed from a term given by the social scientific community and once accepted by the T community to one that is now rejected by the T community as outdated. This is because TS women do not identify as natal or biological women; their self knowledge is that they are not in that group, hence their preference for 'women' in the context of society, and as 'trans women' when a distinction from 'women' becomes necessary. No trans woman believes that while undergoing a prostate exam that she is a cisgender woman.
In my very first post ever on NACA I cautioned about the word 'transgender'. It is problematic for a number of reasons. It is an umbrella term that includes every individual, regardless of their drivers to present whether in private of in public, whether very part time or whole time as the other or another gender identity. For some, the motives are very sexual, while others are asexual. Many trans women, by which I mean those who are legally women are either asexual or live with another trans women, or in some circumstances both, living as life partners rather than romantic partners.
There has been a trend in usage which rather than provide clarity instead blurs the margins of understanding.
I've had many exchanges on the forums here about this, but the distinctions are important. The term 'trans woman' developed from the rejection of the terms 'transsexual' and TS. At no point did 'trans woman' include those who identify as CD, TV, T-girl etc. This mostly was voiced during the prison debate, in which the fiction that transgender = trans women committing offences and were therefore housed in the female prison estate.
I did and still feel that the confusion of the terms was willfully untruthful and deliberate in order to drive the moral panic, in which campaigners were ultimately successful, not without a little assistance from then Conservative ministers.