The Monarch and the Commonwealth
The Queen has played a largely neutral role as Commonwealth Head, staying out of its major crises. However, she reportedly feared a Commonwealth split if tougher measures were not taken
against apartheid-era South Africa. The London Declaration set out no specific role for the Commonwealth’s Head. As the historian Philip Murphy has written, it has become a more substantial position “very much due to the Queen’s efforts.”
In her role, the Queen
pushed to attend CHOGMs when her governments have feared them potentially too controversial. From 1971 to 2015, the Queen
missed only two of these biannual meetings.
Between February 1952 to 2015, when the Queen last made an overseas visit, she also visited
all but two Commonwealth countries (Cameroon and Rwanda) making
near 200 trips and
visits to Commonwealth and UK Overseas Territories. With many undertaken in the context of Cold War rivalry and tensions over decolonisation, these visits aimed to sustain the Commonwealth despite its racial and ideological divisions.
There are still
fourteen Commonwealth realms where the Monarch retains a ceremonial role as head of state. More states may
follow the example of Barbados, which
became a republic in 2021.
However, despite the growing number of Commonwealth republics, the Crown’s role as Commonwealth Head seems secure for another generation. While the role of Head of the Commonwealth is not hereditary, in 2018 Charles, Prince of Wales, was
appointed the Queen’s designated successor (PDF).