Does anyone have an easy explanation for how these tariffs are going to work?
I guess the 10% UK tariff vs 20% EU could have a theoretical* advantage for the UK. But are the tariffs based on origin rules (eg. 60% originating from the country) or based on where goods are finished, or where the most value is added etc.
*I say theoretical because companies would need stability of conditions to invest huge sums in new plants in other locations. If they think the tariffs are a temporary thing that will go when Trump does then they can wait out the 4 years and pay the tariffs which will be cheaper than the Capex in new facilities.
It does seem that the tariffs are based on a very crude metric around balance of trade. UK seems to have been treated lightly due to that. Other countries (eg. Brazil) have the same tariff regime for what seems like similar reasons even though Brazil is really quite protectionist and a strong competitor against US agriculture and raw materials. Among, the worst affected are the small, poor nations with large negative balance of trade - it may well be devastating for them (and probably move them closer towards China). Also, Taiwan seems quite hit. Which could well have some consequences since most high end chips are manufactured there - companies could move manufacturing out of the US to lower tariff regions where they can service US at lower cost and also address the rest of the world. Of course all this only happening if companies think conditions are stable and therefore RoI can be realised.
There was a good argument raised by a Dutch economist (sorry name escapes me) that Trump is raising tariffs as a negotiating tool. US has huge power with the dollar as a world reserve currency but this has downsides in a floating exchange rate where the dollar is always "overvalued" against others due to the reserve nature it also holds. So tariffs are negotiated down in return for currency appreciation of trading countries, plus (it appears) a payment for US military protection. The US thus holds onto reserve status whilst also enjoying competitive currency advantage. Trump tried it with China in his previous term, but this simply accelerated manufacturing moves to NAFTA countries thus bypassing tariffs. Hence the aggression towards close US partners to try to close this down. The economist did point out this plan, as with other historic agreements such as Bretton Woods relied first and foremost on trust between involved parties. And this is the fundamental flaw with the Trump plan - without trust, the plan may well forge partnerships that were highly unlikely 12 months ago. For example Japan, Korea and China co-ordinating a joint tariff response would have been seen to be unfeasible pre-Trump based on their relationship and history. But here we are. I can see the EU looking for increase trade relationships with China as the US moves away from EU partnership for example. If things get really bad, key countries may look to move away from dollar reserve currency thus removing a key power from US global negotiations, but this would be an economic change of huge proportions.